Three Cultural Regions of America Before Colonization Essay Example for Free

Three Cultural Regions of America Before Colonization Essay The three cultural regions of North America preceding colonization were the southwest, south, and Northeast. In these three cultural regions, there were several different groups of people that occupy the land. The Southwest region has the Pueblo Peoples or Pueblos. The south region has the Cherokee. The northeast has the Algonquians. The Pueblo peoples or the Pueblos settled mainly on the east of the Grand Canyon. The Pueblos traditional homes were made from the sandstone, which was held in place with mud. The houses were stocked up together as defense in mind. There were several groups that made up the pueblo peoples. The Pueblos spoke several dialects but one thing they all had in common was their affection and commitment to their land and their villages. Each Pueblo peoples clan and secret religious societies have their own political independence but still followed the same communal pattern. Various leaders from the clans and the religious societies formed the governing systems of the Pueblo villages. The Pueblos relied on farming. They grew corn, squash, beans and pumpkins. The Southwest region was extremely dry but they were still able to get irrigation sources from the several rivers that flowed out from the mountains. The Pueblos have several ceremonies and rituals which involves dancing, singing, chanting, and impersonations. The rituals and ceremonies were performed for marking important events, celebrating planting and harvesting, and to pray for rain. The Cherokees settled mainly on the high mountains. The Cherokees traditional homes typically have two separate houses that were designed to fit the changing climate. The Cherokees were one of the largest groups in the south region. The women often played a great role on the group. They were responsible for the household and clan was passed on through mothers, also known as the matrilineal kinship system. The group was not ruled by class or kings. Elderly men governed the tribe but the women were as powerful and influential leaders of the community. Although the south enjoys the climate suitable for farming, it was not as important as hunting. As the women tended crops in the fields, the men provided for the family by hunting and fishing. As the men hunt, the female farmed. The main concerns for the Cherokees were sustaining harmony. The Cherokees have rituals and ceremonies that balance in the world and help maintained harmony. When a hunter killed a deer, he performs a ritual as a sign of apology. They perform a ceremony called the Green Corn Ceremony, which symbolizes as a thanksgiving celebration for the harvest and a sign of new beginnings. The Algonquians settled mainly in the woodland sections of Atlantic and around the Great Lakes. The Algonquians built their villages near rivers and lakes and were usually very small. Traditional homes were built dome-shaped. Young Trees, or saplings, were used to build frames. Most of the communities were independent. There were approximately over fifty Algonquians tribes, which were separated into smaller groups called the bands. The bands were consisted of several extended families who belongs to same villages and each had a chief. The Algonquians hunted, fished and farmed. The Algonquians were experts on farming. They planted beans, corns, squash, pumpkins, sunflowers, and tobaccos. The Algonquians believed in supreme spirit. The Spirit was believed to have helped them grow crops and hunt for food. They had ceremonies held at different times such as planting season, harvest time, and hunting season. They danced, sing, and played instruments. Tobacco was used at these ceremonies because the Algonquians believed that the smoke had the ability to take their messages to the supreme spirits. Faragher, John M. Buhle, Mari Jo, Czitrom, Daniel, Armitage, Susan Out of Many Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, c2009 Perdue, Theda Indians of North America: The Cherokee United States of America: Chelsea House Publishers, c1989 Santella, Andrew First NAtions of North America: Southeast Indians Chicago, IL: Heinenabb Library an imprint of Capstone Global Library, LLC, c2012 Broida, Marian First Americans: The Pueblo Tarrytown, New York: Marshall Cavendish Corporation, c2006 Kellogg, William O. American History: The Easy Way United States of America: Barrons Educational Series, Inc, c2003 Quiri, Patricia R. The Algonquian United States of America: Franklin Watts, c1992

Radioactive Isotopes Essay -- Chemistry Atoms Energy Essays

Radioactive Isotopes I never thought nuclear energy would play a role in my life, but that was until two years ago when my family was hit with horrifying news. A close friend of ours was diagnosed with breast cancer. Because of a new technology called radiation therapy or radiotherapy, my mother’s best friend is alive today. Radiotherapy is produced by a form of nuclear energy called radioactive isotopes. The class EGEE 101 has educated me about the subject of nuclear energy, but I wanted to take it a step further and discover how nuclear energy plays a role in medicine. Radioactive isotopes are radioactive atoms of common elements like carbon, cobalt, phosphorus, or sodium. Radioactive isotopes are located in â€Å"atomic ash† that is left behind after uranium atoms are split in a â€Å"nuclear pile.† Some radioactive isotopes are produced from the exposure of common elements to powerful radiation inside a nuclear reactor during fission (Nuclear Energy 2005). Fission occurs when an atom’s nucleus splits into two or more smaller nuclei, producing a large amount of energy. Radioactive isotopes release radiation in the form of beta and gamma rays. The strength of the radiation is relative to the rate where radioactive material decays. Because of this, different radioisotopes can be used for different purposes, depending on their strength. (Nuclear Energy 2005). Radioactive isotopes have led to what some are calling â€Å"nuclear medicine.† This type of medicine uses the radioactive isotopes to prevent, diagnose, and treat many diseases. During nuclear medicine diagnosing methods, a small amount of radioactive matter is penetrated into the body. The radioactive materials are attracted to cer... .... Radioisotopes in Medicine. May 2004. Uranium Information Centre Ltd. 4 Apr. 2005 . â€Å"Nuclear Energy.† Britannica Student Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia Britannica Online 4 Apr. 2005 . â€Å"Nuclear Engineering.† Encyclopedia Britannica. 2005. Encyclopedia Britannica Online 4 Apr. 2005 . Schenter, Robert. Nuclear Medicine Research Council. 18 Nov. 1998. Nuclear Medicine Research Council. 4 Apr. 2005 . Schenter, Robert. What Is Nuclear Medicine. 21 Sept. 1999. Nuclear Medicine Research Council. 4 Apr. 2005 . What Is Radiation Therapy. Dec. 2003. Your Medical Source. 4 Apr. 2005 .

A Case Study of Nabil Bank

CHAPTER- I INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Concept of Banking The term â€Å"Bank† is derived from the latin word â€Å"bancus†, Italian word â€Å"banca†, French word â€Å"banque† which means bench used by medieval money exchanges and German word â€Å"bank† which means joint stock company. According to oxford dictionary bank means â€Å"an establishment for keeping money and valuable safety of the money being paid out on the customer order by means of cheque.Historically, banks have been recognized for the great range of financial services they offer from checking accounts of saving plans to loan for businesses consumers and governments. Hence, bank can be identified by the function they perform in the economy. Bank is a financial institution which deals with money. Banks collect the money from the surplus unit (savers) and lend to deficit units (users). Bank raises the funds by accepting deposits, borrowing funds and issuing equity.These funds are used by th e banks to buy securities and to make loans. Since, it accepts deposits and grants loan, it is regarded as the trader of money. Banks can be divided int three types on the basis of their functions and services ie. Central bank, Commercial bank and Development bank. Commercial bank offer services to individuals, hey are primarily concerned with receiving deposits and lending to businesses. Commercial bank is also known as the financial service needs in the economy. 1. Introduction of Nabil Investment Banking Nabil Bank Limited, the first foreign joint venture bank of Nepal, started operations in July 1984. It has paid up capital of NRs200 million. Nabil was incorporated with the objective of extending international standard modern banking services to various sectors of the society. Pursuing its objective, Nabil provides a full range of commercial banking services through its 47 points of representation across the kingdom and over 170 reputed correspondent banks across the globe.Nabil Bank Limited with its mission to be the 1st Choice Provider of Complete Financial Solutions ventured into capital market related activities and incepted its fully owned subsidiary – â€Å"Nabil Investment Banking Ltd. (Nabil Invest)† which renders investment banking related services to the masses. Thus, Nabil Invest targets to establish itself as one of the leading Merchant Bankers in its short span of operation and as an Investment Banker with strong professional expertise in long run introducing innovative products and services in the Nepalese capital market with strict adherence to prevailing rules and regulations. . 2. 1 Services of Nabil Investment Banking Nabil Invest renders its institutional and retail clients wide range of services some of which are delivered currently while others will be delivered in due course with required exploration & innovation and due approval received from the Regulators as and when required, detailed as under; 1.Management of Public Offers/Further Public Offers Nabil Invest renders both its institutional and retail client services of managing public offer of shares/ debentures/right issuance of securities to existing shareholders/further public offer of securities etc to its clientele and has team of professional expertise to render quality services at competitive rates. . Underwriting Nabil invest on selective basis post independent appraisal of proposals reviewed through its professional team is rendering underwriting related services to its clientele as SEBON has made it mandatory for all institutions going public to underwrite at least fifty percent of the securities on offer prior public issue. 3. Portfolio ManagementThe Clients can delegate all their investment management related decisions to a pool of corporate finance experts of Nabil Invest who inturn will use the vast pool of industry specific data collected and analyzed by its research unit for making investments for clients portfolio which focuses primarily on safety of principal investment along with maximization of returns to Clients. 4. Registrar to Securities (RTS)Nabil Invest renders Registrar to Securities (RTS) related services to the valued shareholders of its institutional client and in the process keep on improving quality & timely delivery of services, the major hitch in this nature of services by competing institutions. 5. Loan Syndication Nabil Invest will use its existing relationship with other Banks/Financial Institutions to acquire required financial support for the financial closure of certain projects which it identifies as feasible and recommends for investment.The financial closure will be reached with either one institution or a syndicate of Banks/Financial Institutions depending on the size of projects and the requirement to diversify the risks to various portfolios from the part of member Banks/Financial Institutions. 6. Other Services Besides the services identified, Nabil Invest will always keep on e xploring innovative products and services that matches regional and global standards and target to launch the same in customization with the local market with due approval taken from the Regulators, if & when required.Thus, Nabil Invest intends to cater wide clientele rendering Investment Banking related services setting example and obtaining first mover advantage in the capital market of the country. 1. 3 Objectives of the fieldwork The objectives of the fieldwork are as follows:- ?To identify capital structure of Nabil Invest ?To analyze financial position and performance of Nabil Invest ? To evaluate portfolio of Nabil Invest 1. 4 Methods of Data collection Data collection is the process of collection of data and information through different sources or methods. To prepare this fieldwork report, the following method has been used:- Secondary Method:-The data , which is not orginally collected but obtained from published and unpublished sources, are called secondary data. These da ta are not original in character. The sources helping as secondary data for this field work reports are the annual reports of Nabil Bank, websites of nabil bank and nabil investment, books etc. CHAPTER-II DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION 2. 1 Capital Structure of Nabil Invest Table 2. 1: Capital Structure |Proposed|Effective| |NRs(000)|%|NRs(000)|%| Nabil Bank|78000|52|78000|74. 29| CG Finco P. Ltd|27000|18|27000|25. 71| General Public|45000|30|-|-| Total|150000|100|105000|100|Source:- Annual Report of Nabil Bank From the above table, it is shown the proposed and effective capital structure of Nabil invest. Nabil Invest proposed 52% capital of Nabil Bank, 18% capital of CG Finco P. Ltd and 30% capital of General Public. However, Nabil Invest's effective capital structure is 74. 29% by Nabil Bank and 25. 71% by CG Finco P. Ltd. It can be shown graphically as follows:- Fig 2. 1:- A Pie chart of Proposed Capital Structure of Nabil Invest Fig 2. 2:- A Pie chart of Effective Capital Struct ure of Nabil Invest 2. 2 Financial position and performance of Nabil Invest 2. 2. 1 Balance sheet of Nabil InvestTable 2. 2: NRs(000) Capital & Liabilities|2010/11|2009/10| Share Capital|105000|70000| Reserves and Surplus|7457|-529| Accounts Payable|7218|2628| Provision for Staff Bonus|1065|-| Deferred Tax Liability|60|-| Other Liabilities and Provisions|694|17| Total|121494|72117| Assets|2010/11|2009/10| Balance with banks|26337|70000| Investments|83400|-| Advance tax (net of income tax liabilities)|4453|-| Fixed assets (net of depreciation)|6169|1941| Deferred tax assets|-|176| Other assets|1135|-| Total|121494|72117| In the above, the balance sheet size grew by around 68% mainly due to rise in paid up capital.Paid-up capital which got increased by NRs. 35million was contributed by CG Finco P. Ltd. NRs. 27 million and Nabil Bank NRs. 8 million. In addition, net profit earned during the year also contributed to increment. Net worth of the Company surpassed paid-up capital after it registered profit. It can be graphically presented as below:- Fig:- A Bar Diagram of Assets And Share Capital of Nabil Invest 2. 2. 2 Income Statement of Nabil Invest Table 2. 3:NRs (000) Particulars|2010/11|2009/10| IPO Fees|305|-| Interest Income|12979|-| Management Services|6196|-| Gross Income|19480|-| Personnel Expenses|1574|222|General Operating Expenses|4927|482| Depreciation charge|1267|-| Gross expenses|7768|705| Operating Profit|11712|-705| Staff Bonus|1065|-| Profit before Tax|10647|-705| Tax Expense|2662|-176| Profit after Tax|7985|-529| Opening Retained Earning|-529|-| Closing Retained Earning|7457|-529| Source:- Annual Report of Nabil Bank A significant volume of the profit was contributed by interest income which not only incorporates return on equity placement but also the proceeds realized in the form of sharing of interest income with BFIs / Other Institutions whose public offers are being managed by NI in the capacity of Issue Manager.In addition, the Company also managed to earn returns by rendering specialized management services to the Bank. It is graphically Presented as :- Fig:- A bar diagram of profit of Nabil Invest 2. 3 Portfolios of Nabil Invest Table2. 4: (in million) Particulars|2010/11|2009/10| 1. Nepal Government Treasury Bills|6489|5896| 2. Nepal Government Saving Bonds|-|-| 3. Nepal Government other securities|2255|2077| 4. Nepal Rastra Bank Bonds|-|-| 5. Foreign Bonds|178|187| 6. Local Licensed Institutions|305|-| 7. Foreign Banks|3661|5391| 8. Organized Institutions' Shares|192|159| 9.Organized Institutions' Bonds andDebentures|-|-| 10. Other Investments||| 10. 1 NCM Mutual fund|1. 2|1. 2| 10. 2 Swift Investment|1. 6|1. 5| Total Investment|13082. 8|13712. 7| Source:- Annual Report of Nabil Bank The above table shows the portfolios of Nabil Invest in different securities and bonds. Here the two years fiscal years investment portfolios are provided. In the given table the highest amount of investment was done in Government Tre asury Bills. It can be identify that Nabil Invest is targeted towards the Government T- bills and securities. It can be due to no default risk and it is a risk free asset.I has also a high rate of investment in foreign banks. The lowest amount of investment of Nabil Invest is in mutual fund and Swift Investment. The above table is presented in a graph as below:- Fig:- A bar diagram of Portfolios of Nabil Invest 2. 4 Study Result After thoroughly analyzing, it is analyzed that Nabil bank has been operating as the subsidiary bank for Investments ie. Nabil Investment Banking. Nabil Investment Banking (Nabil Invest) is providing innovative, quality and timely services to the investors at large. From the analysis of data, it the capital structure of Nabil Invest has been identified.The proposed capital structure of Nabil Invest is 52% by Nabil bank, 18% by CG Finco P. Ltd and 30% by the General Public. But it is in effect that 74. 29% of capital is owned by Nabil bank and 25. 71% capital is owned by CG Finco P. Ltd. From this it can In F/Y 2009/10, the profit after tax is negative NRs 529,000 whereas in F/Y 2010/11, the profit after tax is NRs 7,985,000. This shows the increasing trend of profit of Nabil Invest. The high volume of the profit was contributed by the interest income. The portfolios of investment shows the different areas of investment by Nabil Invest.The highest amount of investment of Nabil Invest was Government Treasury bills for fiscal year 2009/10 and 2010/11 ie. NRs 5896 million NRs 6489 million respectively. It has also invested in Government Bonds, Securities and other Investments. CHAPTER-III SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 3. 1 Summary NABIL Bank stands as the Bank of 1st Choice in the industry considering its network, a number of branches, a large capital base, diverse customized services and products, a chain of ATMs service points covering a wide regional / local spectrum. NABIL stands ahead in everything it does.The strategic purpose of Nabil is t o create values and economic opportunities across all the economic zones of the country and architecting products and services to that end. Nabil Investment Banking (Nabil Invest), a subsidiary of Nabil bank Ltd is rendering the investment banking related services to the masses. Thus, Nabil Invest targets to establish itself as one of the leading Merchant Bankers in its short span of operation and as an Investment Banker with strong professional expertise in long run introducing innovative products and services in the Nepalese capital market with strict adherence to prevailing rules and regulations.From the analysis, Nabil Invest has 74. 29% capital of Nabil Bank and 25. 71% capital of CG Finco P. Ltd. However, the proposed capital structure of NI is 52% of Nabil Bank, 18% of CG Finco P. Ltd and 30% of General Public. The income statement of Nabil Invest shows increasing trend of profit in each fiscal year ie. NRs 7985000 in F/Y 2010/11 and negative NRs 529000 in F/Y 2009/10. In fis cal year 2010/11 the profit was contributed by the interest income which not only incorporates return on equity placement but also the proceeds realized in the form of sharing of interest income.The balance sheet of Nabil Invest shows the increase in amount of share capital of Nabil Invest as well as increased in fixed assets and other assets. From Investments Portfolios of Nabil Invest, it is recognized that highest amount of investment has been made for the Government Treasury Bills in each fiscal year. The lowest amount of investment has been made for other investments like NCM Mutual Fund and Swift Investment. 3. 2 Conclusion From the above study, it is clear that for the purpose -†To be the first Choice Provider of Complete Financial Solutions† Nabil bank has created a subsidiary ie.Nabil Investment Banking Ltd. (Nabil Invest). Nabil Investment over the period will be managing public issues, underwriting of securities, management of client's portfolio & rendering th e services of the registrar to securities to client institutions. In addition, the unit will also be delivering Bond/Debenture Trusteeship services, work as Assets Management Company of the mutual fund promoted by Nabil, provide investment advisory services etc.Further, the Unit will keep on exploring and introducing innovative instruments in the Nepalese capital market. It is providing innovative, quality and timely services to the investors at large. Thus, the ultimate goal of Nabil Invest would be to stabilize the unit as just not a Merchant Banker but as an Investment Banker providing innovative, quality and timely services to the investors at large. This would differentiate itself from its competitors and create a niche of itself in the market.

Using Alcoholics Anonymous vs. Abusing Alcoholics...

Using AA vs. Abusing AA This paper will try to explain the different views of how and why Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12-step programs are accepted and rejected as effective tools in treating alcoholism and other addictions. The articles reviewed contradict the others’ opinion. First, we see that supporting the 12-step programs with a degree of involvement both the doctor and patient will see better results in treating the addiction. The second view will show that 12-step programs can be used as â€Å"self-help† treatment and must be used in conjunction with other forms of rehabilitation. When AA and other 12-step programs are not used with other forms of treatment, the patient tends to become codependent on the group. Doctors Peter†¦show more content†¦Jarlais simply notes, â€Å"†¦these ideas are not supported by the usual framework of formal scientific research.† (Jarlais. 1994) Dr. Jarlais’ statement would surely raise eyebrows at the next research convention but is that what we can base the tremendous acceptance and success rate of AA on? In my personal experience, I can agree with the supporters of the 12-step method. The reasons are many but one comes to mind each time I read the opposing views – Are we complex human beings or lab rats? Is it necessary as recovering addicts and psychodynamic therapists alike to use a scientific approach to confirm the resounding results? AA works and if personal response or â€Å"storytelling† along with the admitting that we are powerless over our addictions helps, well, that is enough proof for me. Terry M. states, â€Å"Our primary goal is to stay sober and help other alcoholics to achieve sobriety.† (Terry M. 1998) This statement is enough proof that I believe the people who attend AA are more useful than any scientific influences. A Dr. and a patient formed AA; this alone also shows the i mportance to respect what has been a foundation to recovery – the honesty and no judgement policy of recovery. Issues of brainwashing, codependency, and let us not forget the overwhelming popular issue of â€Å"never recovering†. Dr. Jarlais explains that the mere acceptance of this policy is proof that the supporters are contradictory about the influence of theShow MoreRelated The Problem of Teen Alcoholism in the United States Essay3674 Words   |  15 Pagesdefined as a disorder characterized by the excessive consumption of and dependence on alcoholic beverages, leading to physical and psychological harm and impaired social and vocational functioning. Alcohol is a huge problem in high school and in college. Twenty-one may be the legal drinking age, but some how minors find a way to get a hold of alcohol. People as young as fifteen are able to get their hands on an alcoholic beverage. Alcohol is said to be the chosen drug among high school and college studentsRead MorePsy Evaluation Essay11057 Words   |  45 Pagestraining B. use of educational tapes, lectures, and films C. motiva tional enhancement strategies D. cognitive therapy ANS:B PG39 18. According to the NIAAA (National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism), about how many previously diagnosable alcoholics matured out of their dependence? A. none B. only a fraction C. one third D. most ANS:C PG39 19. According to Hester and Miller’s empirical research, the highest treatment effectiveness scores were obtained for A. harsh confrontational techniquesRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesseven new cases to replace seven that were deleted from the previous edition. Some of the cases are so current we continued updating until the manuscript left for the production process. We have tried to keep all cases as current as possible by using Postscripts, Later Developments, and Updates. A number of you have asked that I identify which cases would be appropriate for the traditional coverage of topics as organized in typical marketing texts. With most cases it is not possible to trulyRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesWORKPLACE ISSUES: A Special Case of a Career: Entrepreneurship 222 Enhancing Your Career Summary 224 Demonstrating Comprehension: Questions for Review 224 Key Terms 225 226 HRM Workshop 223 WORKPLACE ISSUES: Forced Rankings—Are They Working? 242 Using Achieved Outcomes to Evaluate Employees 243 Common Elements in MBO Programs 243 Does MBO Work? 243 Linking Concepts to Practice: Discussion Questions 226 Developing Diagnostic and Analytical Skills 226 Case Application 9-A: A Fudge Career 226 Case